{"id":968,"date":"2020-02-11T11:01:19","date_gmt":"2020-02-11T11:01:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/colormag-main.sites.qsandbox.com\/2020\/02\/11\/how-to-maximize-your-credit-cards-value-2-copy\/"},"modified":"2023-01-22T08:52:30","modified_gmt":"2023-01-22T08:52:30","slug":"garar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yukselkeles.com\/?p=968","title":{"rendered":"G\u00dcN\u00dcM\u00dcZ F\u0130NANSAL \u0130\u015eLEMLER\u0130NDE GARAR"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n

\u0130slam, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n kendi aralar\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ticaretin ve muamelelerin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 r\u0131zaya dayanmas\u0131n\u0131 ister. Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 r\u0131za prensibi, ticaretin hem uygulama a\u015famas\u0131nda hem de sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 itibariyle g\u00f6zetilmesi gerekir. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ticari i\u015flemlerde kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 r\u0131zay\u0131 sakatlayan i\u015flemlerden birisi de <\/span>garar<\/span> yani <\/span>haks\u0131z kazanca neden olacak <\/span>belirsizlik<\/span> ve <\/span>kapal\u0131l\u0131k durumudur. Akdin ve i\u015flemin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 anda <\/span>taraflar<\/span>dan birinin<\/span> zarar\u0131na<\/span> ve <\/span>di\u011ferinin <\/span>haks\u0131z kazan<\/span>\u00e7 elde etmesine <\/span>neden olacak <\/span>\u015fekilde <\/span>belirsizlik i\u00e7eren i\u015flemlerde <\/span>garardan<\/span> s\u00f6z edilebilir. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Sat\u0131\u015fa konu edilen <\/span>\u015feyin belirli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, tesliminde aciz kal\u0131nan, tesliminin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmeyen, elde edilmesi me\u00e7hul olan, \u015f\u00fcpheli olan her t\u00fcrl\u00fc i\u015flemde <\/span>garardan<\/span> s\u00f6z etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \u0130slam hukukunda a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 al\u0131m sat\u0131m akitlerinde i\u015flen<\/span>en <\/span>garar<\/span>;<\/span> kira, i\u015f <\/span>ve<\/span>bor\u00e7lanma akitlerinde de g\u00fcndeme gelebilir. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Miktar\u0131 bilinmeyen mal\u0131n sat\u0131\u015f\u0131, para birimi belli olmayan i\u015flemler, kira s\u00fcresi belli olmayan kiralama akitleri, vas\u0131flar\u0131 bilinmeyen mallar\u0131n sat\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/span> bu t\u00fcrden <\/span>say\u0131labilir. <\/span>B<\/span>u bilinmezlikler taraflar aras\u0131nda ihtilafa neden olacak, bir taraf\u0131n zarar\u0131na di\u011fer taraf\u0131n haks\u0131z kazanc\u0131na yol <\/span>a\u00e7<\/span>acak <\/span>sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furur.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Gararla<\/span> ilgili de\u011ferlendirmeler, mezhepler aras\u0131ndaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler, zamana, \u015fartlara ve i\u015flemin i\u00e7eri\u011fine g\u00f6re farkl\u0131la\u015fabilmektedir. Ancak<\/span>,<\/span> temel prensip M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar aras\u0131ndaki<\/span> emniyetin, adaletin, hakkaniyetin sa\u011flanmas\u0131<\/span>d\u0131r. Ki\u015filer aras\u0131 g\u00fcveni ve adaleti zedeleyecek, haks\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa neden olacak her t\u00fcrl\u00fc i\u015flemden sak\u0131n\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. <\/span>\u0130slam, karde\u015fli\u011fin korunmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flarken s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ve adaletsizli\u011fin engellenmesini ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Garar<\/span> i\u00e7eren s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerde normalde elde edilece<\/span>k kazanca ilave olarak taraflardan birine <\/span>sa\u011flanan<\/span> ileve<\/span> bir kazan\u00e7 vard\u0131r<\/span> ki ki\u015finin eme\u011fi ya<\/span> da mal\u0131n vas\u0131flar\u0131ndan de\u011fil belirsizli\u011fin i\u00e7erdi\u011fi riskten kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. <\/span>Bu ise haks\u0131z bir kazan\u00e7t\u0131r. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ticari i\u015flemlerde ticaretin do\u011fas\u0131ndan kaynaklanan risk <\/span>yani<\/span> zarar etme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/span>,<\/span> yukar\u0131da bahsetti\u011fimiz akit konusu mal\u0131n vas\u0131flar\u0131ndan kaynakl\u0131 belirsizlik riski ile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r. <\/span>Ticari risk <\/span>\u0130slam\u0131n<\/span> \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc <\/span>ticaret sonucu olu\u015facak kay\u0131pt\u0131r. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ticari i\u015flemlerde <\/span>riske girmek ya da riskten ka\u00e7\u0131nmak, <\/span>s\u0131kl\u0131kla g\u00f6r\u00fclen davran\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. <\/span>Spek\u00fclatif kazan\u00e7 elde etmek isteyenler genellikle riskli i\u015flemler yaparken, \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6rmek isteyen, hesaplanamayan zararlarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmak istemeyen tacirler ise risk<\/span>ten<\/span> ka\u00e7\u0131nan<\/span>,<\/span> risk azalt\u0131c\u0131 i\u015flemleri tercih etmektedir. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Yukar\u0131da genel<\/span> hatlar\u0131yla<\/span> f\u0131khi <\/span>\u00e7er\u00e7evesini verdi\u011fimiz <\/span>g<\/span>arar<\/span> konusu<\/span> \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc ve detayl\u0131 olmas\u0131 hasebiyle f\u0131khi kaynaklardan daha fazla okuma yap<\/span>\u0131lmas\u0131nda<\/span> fayda vard\u0131r. Bu<\/span> yaz\u0131da <\/span>k\u0131saca bu konunun finansal i\u015flemler boyutuyla ilgili kanaatimizi ifade edece\u011fiz. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz finansal i\u015flemlerinde kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan riskleri; <\/span>faiz riski, kur riski, fiyat riski, <\/span>operasyonel<\/span> risk, likidite riski olarak <\/span>s\u0131ralayabiliriz<\/span>. Bu riskler <\/span>ki\u015fi ve i\u015fletmeler <\/span>taraf\u0131ndan k\u0131smen y\u00f6netilebilir riskler olup, riskten korunma y\u00f6ntem ve teknikleri ile zarar ya tamamen ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131labilir ya<\/span> da k\u0131smen \u00f6nlenebilir. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ticaret do\u011fas\u0131 gere\u011fi risk i\u00e7erir. <\/span>Dinimiz ticar<\/span>i<\/span> faaliyetlerin sonucunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacak olan zarar riskini \u00fcslenmeyi helal saym\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/span>Ki\u015filerin ya<\/span> da i\u015fletmelerin ana amac\u0131 ticari faaliyetin sonucu olan kar\/zarar riski d\u0131\u015f\u0131nca risk almamak ya<\/span> da <\/span>en az\u0131ndan <\/span>hesaplanabilir, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir riskler almaktad\u0131r. <\/span>\u0130slam dini<\/span>,<\/span> ilkesel olarak insanlar\u0131n ticaret yaparken <\/span>belirsizlikte<\/span>n<\/span> kaynakl\u0131 <\/span>riskten ka\u00e7\u0131nmalar\u0131n\u0131 hem kendilerini hem de kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131 zarara u\u011fratacak sonu belirsiz ve hesaplanamayan i\u015flemler yapmamalar\u0131n\u0131 ister.<\/span> Bu \u00e7er\u00e7eve de <\/span>garar<\/span> i\u00e7eren<\/span> \u015fansa ve belirsizli\u011fe g\u00fcvenerek kazan\u00e7 pe\u015finde ko\u015fmak, iktisadi faaliyet ve anla\u015fmalar\u0131 bu zaviyeden yapmak yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Konunun daha anla\u015f\u0131labilir olmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan vadeli d\u00f6viz i\u015flemlerini <\/span>(<\/span>forward<\/span>) <\/span>bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede ele alabiliriz. He<\/span>m<\/span> riskten (<\/span>k<\/span>ur kaynakl\u0131 zarar) ka\u00e7\u0131nmak hem de spek\u00fclatif <\/span>kazan\u00e7 elde etmek amac\u0131yla yap\u0131lan bu i\u015flemlerde <\/span>ciddi zararlar olu\u015fabilmektedir. <\/span>Bu i\u015flemler zahmetsiz b\u00fcy\u00fck kazan\u00e7lar elde etmek i\u00e7in <\/span>de\u011filde<\/span> ticaretin daha \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir olmas\u0131, d\u0131\u015fsal etkenlerden kaynakl\u0131 kay\u0131plar\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi, daha g\u00fcvenli ticaret yap\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in <\/span>yap\u0131l\u0131r<\/span>sa, tacirler i\u00e7in faydal\u0131 olmaktad\u0131r. <\/span>Bu i\u015flemlerde a<\/span>ma\u00e7 iktisadi faaliyetlerden kaynakl\u0131 belirsizli\u011fi ve bu belirsizlikten do\u011fan zararlar\u0131 azaltmak olmal<\/span>\u0131<\/span>d\u0131r. Buda taraflar\u0131n ticari faaliyetlerini daha g\u00fcvenli ve hesaplanabilir k\u0131lar.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Spek\u00fclatif <\/span>ve zahmetsiz <\/span>kazan\u00e7 <\/span>elde etmek amac\u0131yla <\/span>ki\u015filerin<\/span>,<\/span> ticari nitelik ta\u015f\u0131mayan <\/span>i\u015flem ve s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri <\/span>finansal <\/span>enst<\/span>\u00fc<\/span>r\u00fcmanlar<\/span> kullan<\/span>mak suretiyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmesi<\/span> \u0130<\/span>slam\u0131n<\/span> ruh<\/span>una ve ticaret anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na uymayan bir davran\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/span>\u00d6zellikle finansal enstr\u00fcmanlar\u0131n<\/span> ne ama\u00e7la kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nem <\/span>arzetmektedir<\/span>. Bir finansal enstr\u00fcman\u0131 spek\u00fclatif kazan\u00e7 elde etmek<\/span> i\u00e7in kullanmak<\/span>, kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131 zarara u\u011fratacak \u015fe<\/span>kil<\/span>de kurgulamak ya<\/span> da kullanmak do\u011fru bir yakla\u015f\u0131m de\u011fildir. <\/span>Buradan do\u011facak ihtilaflar ticari g\u00fcveni ve itibar\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla toplumsal bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 zedeleyecek sonu\u00e7lara yol<\/span> a\u00e7abilmektedir. <\/span>S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin taraflarca imzalan\u0131yor olmas\u0131, i\u015flem an\u0131nda taraflar\u0131n raz\u0131 olmas\u0131 <\/span>garar<\/span> riskini ortadan kald\u0131rmamaktad\u0131r. As\u0131l \u00f6nemli olan i\u015flemden do\u011fan sonuca taraflar\u0131n raz\u0131 olmas\u0131d\u0131r. <\/span>Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 itibariyle aldat\u0131lm\u0131\u015fl\u0131k duygusu verecek ticari i\u015flemlerden her iki taraf\u0131n i\u015fleme r\u0131za g\u00f6stermesine bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n sak\u0131n\u0131lmas\u0131nda fayda vard\u0131r. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ki\u015fi, <\/span>zarar <\/span>risk<\/span>i<\/span> \u00fcstlenmeden elde edilen faiz kazanc\u0131 gibi, <\/span>garar<\/span> i\u00e7eren haks\u0131z kazan\u00e7tan da sak\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ama\u00e7<\/span>;<\/span> hel<\/span>\u00e2<\/span>l<\/span>, bereketli<\/span> ve makul bir <\/span>k<\/span>\u00e2<\/span>r<\/span> olmal\u0131d\u0131r. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

Yazar: Y\u00fcksel Kele\u015f<\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0130slam, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n kendi aralar\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ticaretin ve muamelelerin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 r\u0131zaya dayanmas\u0131n\u0131 ister. Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 r\u0131za prensibi, ticaretin hem uygulama a\u015famas\u0131nda hem de sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 itibariyle g\u00f6zetilmesi gerekir. Ticari i\u015flemlerde kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 r\u0131zay\u0131 sakatlayan i\u015flemlerden birisi de garar yani haks\u0131z kazanca neden olacak belirsizlik ve kapal\u0131l\u0131k durumudur. Akdin ve i\u015flemin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 anda taraflardan birinin zarar\u0131na ve di\u011ferinin haks\u0131z kazan\u00e7 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1449,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-968","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-isfin"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/yukselkeles.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/968","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/yukselkeles.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/yukselkeles.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yukselkeles.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yukselkeles.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=968"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/yukselkeles.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/968\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1448,"href":"https:\/\/yukselkeles.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/968\/revisions\/1448"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yukselkeles.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1449"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/yukselkeles.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=968"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yukselkeles.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=968"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yukselkeles.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=968"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}