{"id":1413,"date":"2019-10-17T10:50:08","date_gmt":"2019-10-17T10:50:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosopical-falcon.w5.wpsandbox.pro\/2019\/12\/17\/travel-copy-copy-copy-2\/"},"modified":"2023-01-22T09:20:19","modified_gmt":"2023-01-22T09:20:19","slug":"guncel-durum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yukselkeles.com\/?p=1413","title":{"rendered":"\u0130SLAM \u0130KT\u0130SADININ MESELELER\u0130 (K\u0130TAP DE\u011eERLEND\u0130RME)"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n

\u201c<\/span>\u0130slam iktisad\u0131\u201d d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin k\u00fclli bir \u015fekilde in\u015fas\u0131 i\u00e7in yetkin fikir ve teorilerin \u00fcretilmesini te\u015fvik etmeyi ve yeni \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara zemin olu\u015fturmay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan<\/span> iktisat Y<\/span>ay\u0131nlar\u0131<\/span> taraf\u0131ndan <\/span>2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan<\/span> kitab\u0131n \u00e7evirmenli\u011fini Sercan Karado\u011fan yapm\u0131\u015f. 450 sayfadan olu\u015fan kitap iktisat giri\u015f dizisinin 3. <\/span>k<\/span>itab\u0131<\/span> olarak piyasaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f. \u0130slam iktisad\u0131 ve finans\u0131 konusunda son d\u00f6nemlerde T\u00fcrk\u00e7e lit<\/span>e<\/span>rat\u00fcre \u00e7ok say\u0131da g\u00fczel eser kazand\u0131ran ve bu konudaki <\/span>\u00f6nemli bir bo\u015flu\u011fu dolduran <\/span>\u0130ktisat Y<\/span>ay\u0131nlar\u0131na<\/span> te\u015fekk\u00fcr ederiz. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0130slam <\/span>iktisad\u0131 ve f<\/span>inans\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fclerinden kabul edilen Khan, \u00e7ok say\u0131da kitap, makale ve inceleme eseriyle bu alana \u00f6nemli<\/span> katk\u0131larda bulunmu\u015f birisi. E<\/span>seriyle de bu alandaki t\u00fcm \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n kapsaml\u0131 bir de\u011ferlendirmesini okuyucuyla bulu\u015fturuyor. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Yazar\u0131n ifadesiyle \u201c<\/span>Bu kitap \u0130slam iktisad\u0131yla ilgili ana ak\u0131m d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceden bir kopu\u015f ve kendi kendini reddiye \u00e7abas\u0131<\/span>\u201d<\/span> d\u0131r (s.4). Yazar<\/span>, 40 y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n bir s\u00fcredir i\u00e7inde bulu<\/span>ndu\u011fu ve katk\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130slam i<\/span>ktisad\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131 bir bilgi dal\u0131 olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmesi, yaz\u0131lmas\u0131 ve savunulmas\u0131 fikrinden yava\u015f yava\u015f uzakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu fikrin yanl\u0131\u015f konumland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmektedir. <\/span>Halihaz\u0131rda ayr\u0131 bir <\/span>\u0130slam i<\/span>ktisad\u0131 <\/span>disiplini olu\u015fturma hedefinin halen bir hayal <\/span>ve<\/span> mevcut giri\u015fimlerin bu hedefe ula\u015fmakta ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z oldu\u011funu, s\u00f6z<\/span> konusu yanl\u0131\u015f konumland\u0131rma nedeniyle de geni\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7ekt<\/span>e sosyal bilimcilerin ve gayrim\u00fc<\/span>slimlerin bu alana katk\u0131da bulunmalar\u0131na mani olundu\u011funu savunmaktad\u0131r. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Khan, bu eseriyle \u0130<\/span>slam ikti<\/span>s<\/span>ad\u0131n\u0131n verili doktrinini yeniden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye ve onun temellerini<\/span>n \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n gen<\/span>i\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7ekli sosyoekonomik hedefleriyle uyumlu hale <\/span>getirilmesine ihtiya\u00e7 duyuldu\u011funa dair okurunu ikna etme \u00e7abas\u0131ndad\u0131r<\/span>. <\/span>\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\r\n

D\u00f6rt b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fan eserin <\/span>birinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde<\/span>, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n <\/span>20.yy\u2019\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda ba\u015flad\u0131klar\u0131 \u0130slam\u0131n iktisadi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn<\/span>cesini olu\u015fturma \u00e7abalar\u0131na ve \u0130<\/span>slam iktisad\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 ser\u00fcvenine yer vermekte, bu alanda yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, kurulan te\u015fkilatlar\u0131 ve finansal kurulu\u015fl<\/span>ar\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmektedir. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0130slam i<\/span>ktisa<\/span>d\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131 bir sosyal bilim olarak geli\u015ftirilmesi \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131 yetersiz bulan ve yanl\u0131\u015f bir zeminde konumland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen Khan, bu alanda asl\u0131nda sa\u011flam bir zeminin bulundu\u011funu, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ekonomistlerin teoloji \u00e7er\u00e7evesinden uzakla\u015f\u0131p, sosyal bilimler \u00e7er\u00e7evesini benimsemeleri durumunda mesafe al\u0131nabilece\u011fini vurgulamaktad\u0131r. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Yine \u0130slam i<\/span>ktisad\u0131n\u0131n metodolojisini<\/span> ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde yaz<\/span>ar, metodoloji konusunda \u0130slam i<\/span>ktisat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bir kafa kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011funu, konvansiyonel ekonominin ve metodolojisinin t\u00fcm\u00fcyle reddedilmesinin ve yeni bir metodoloji benimsenmesinin do\u011fru bir yakla\u015f\u0131m olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131<\/span> iddia etmektedir. Ona g\u00f6re<\/span> k<\/span>onvansiyonel ekonomi <\/span>\u0130<\/span>slam iktisad\u0131n\u0131n bir kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 olarak konumland\u0131r\u0131lmama<\/span>l\u0131<\/span> ve <\/span>kendi i\u00e7inde <\/span>\u0130slam \u0130<\/span>ktisa<\/span>t<\/span>\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan incelenmeye devam edilme<\/span>lidir. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Khan, b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn sonunda \u015fu soruyu sormaktad\u0131r; <\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u0130slami bir ekonomik sistem mi, yoksa manevi kapitalizm mi?<\/span>\u201d<\/span> Bu ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 ke\u015ffetmeyi de okura b\u0131rakarak di\u011fer b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerde neler oldu\u011funa g\u00f6z atal\u0131m. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0130kinci b\u00f6l\u00fcmde<\/span> Khan, \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda \u00fczerinde \u00e7ok\u00e7a tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan, hakk\u0131nda \u00e7ok eserler verilen ve \u0130slam iktisad\u0131n\u0131n temel konusu olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen<\/span> Riba (faiz) <\/span>yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131 incelemektedir.<\/span>Riba ve faiz kelimelerini \u00f6zellikle birlikte kullan<\/span>d\u0131m. Nedeni ise Y<\/span>azar\u0131n faiz ile riba<\/span>kavramlar\u0131n\u0131 <\/span>farkl\u0131 de\u011ferlendir<\/span>mesi.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

T\u00fcm semavi dinlerde haram ola<\/span>n ribaya vurgu yapt\u0131ktan sonra Y<\/span>azar, riba ve faiz kavramlar\u0131n\u0131 etrafl\u0131ca incelemekte, bu konudaki geleneksel ve modernist yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fm<\/span>akta<\/span>d\u0131r. Ona g\u00f6re<\/span>;<\/span> her faizli i\u015flemin riba olarak tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131 i\u015fi i\u00e7inden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lmaz noktaya getir<\/span>mi\u015ftir<\/span>.<\/span> Kredi (bor\u00e7) i\u00e7in verilen faiz riba kapsam\u0131nda iken finansman faizi dahil di\u011fer faiz t\u00fcrleri bu kapsamda de\u011ferlendirilmemelidir. Bu yolu se\u00e7mek geleneksel yorumun yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn sorunlar\u0131 giderecektir. Khan, bu takdirde \u0130slami Finans kurulu\u015flar\u0131na da tam anlam\u0131yla gerek kalmayaca\u011f\u0131 sonucuna varmaktad\u0131r. <\/span>Faiz ile ribay\u0131 ay\u0131ran bu <\/span>iddial\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f, her <\/span>t\u00fcrl\u00fc fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131n <\/span>riba <\/span>olarak kabul edildi\u011fi geleneksel riba <\/span>yorumun<\/span>a bir meydan okuma niteli\u011finde olup, geleneksel g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn a\u011f\u0131r bast\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130<\/span>slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda<\/span> bir\u00e7oklar\u0131na kabul edilemez gelecektir. <\/span>\u00a0<\/span> \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Yazar<\/span>,<\/span> yine dikkat \u00e7ekici bir tespitte bulunarak, \u0130slam\u0131n r<\/span>ibay\u0131 yasaklamas\u0131na ra<\/span>\u011fmen, Ne Hz. Peygamberin ne de H<\/span>alifelerin riba kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 bir yasa \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, f\u0131k\u0131h kitaplar\u0131nda da bug\u00fcne kadar riba yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7i\u011fneyenlere kar\u015f\u0131 bir yasa ve cezaland\u0131rma bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmektedir. <\/span>Bu nedenle <\/span>Khan, <\/span>riban\u0131n bir <\/span>kamusal kanun ya da f\u0131khi meseleden \u00e7ok ahlaki bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama oldu\u011fu ve ahlak\u0131n konusu oldu\u011fu iddia<\/span>s\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/span> \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Kitab\u0131n en geni\u015f ve detayl\u0131 i\u015flenmi\u015f k\u0131sm\u0131 <\/span>ise <\/span>\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcmde<\/span> ele al\u0131nan \u0130slami <\/span>b<\/span>ankac\u0131l\u0131k <\/span>ve finans. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde \u0130slami b<\/span>ankac\u0131l\u0131k ve <\/span>f<\/span>ina<\/span>ns\u0131n do\u011fu\u015fu, felsefesi, yap\u0131s\u0131 ve <\/span>kullan\u0131lan \u00fcr\u00fcnler detayl\u0131 olarak ele al\u0131n<\/span>\u0131p tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/span> Yazar, \u0130slami finans uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n teoriden ciddi sapmalar g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini ve gelinen noktada bu kurumlar\u0131n konvansiyonel finansa yak\u0131nsama ile sonu\u00e7land\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemektedir<\/span>. <\/span>O, \u0130slami F<\/span>inans\u0131n<\/span>,<\/span> i\u015flemlerinde faiz temelli finans\u0131 ve piyasa faiz oranlar\u0131n\u0131 esas alarak faaliyet g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi, hile ve dolamba\u00e7l\u0131 yollarla asl\u0131nda konvansiyonel bankac\u0131l\u0131kla ayn\u0131 sonu\u00e7lara varan bir yap\u0131ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc iddias\u0131ndad\u0131r. <\/span>Bir\u00e7oklar\u0131n\u0131n da vurgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu husus de\u011ferlendirilirken, h<\/span>akim kapitalist d\u00fczen i\u00e7inde var<\/span>olma m\u00fccadelesi veren bu kurulu\u015flar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 piyasa zorluklar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6z<\/span> ard\u0131 edildi\u011fi ve <\/span>bu kurumlar\u0131n verdi\u011fi m\u00fccadelenin <\/span>yeterince anla\u015f\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kan\u0131s\u0131nday\u0131z. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Yazar<\/span>\u0131n \u00f6zellikle vurgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 <\/span>noktalardan birisi<\/span> de<\/span>,<\/span> bu kurulu\u015flar\u0131n getiri oranlar\u0131n\u0131 belirlerken piyasa faiz oranlar\u0131n\u0131 baz almalar\u0131. <\/span>\u0130slami finans<\/span> kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n yazar\u0131n ele\u015ftirisini dikkate alarak <\/span>piyasa faiz oranlar\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda ya<\/span> da \u00fcst\u00fcnde belirleyece\u011fi getiri oranlar\u0131<\/span> nedeniyle <\/span>olu\u015facak <\/span>arbitraj sorununun nas\u0131l a\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131na dair <\/span>ise <\/span>bir \u00f6neri sun<\/span>ul<\/span>mamaktad\u0131r. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Yazar bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde \u0130<\/span>slami <\/span>F<\/span>inans\u0131n ana \u00fcr\u00fcnleri olarak genel kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f kar zarar ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na d<\/span>ayal\u0131 finans\u0131 da incelemekte, uyg<\/span>ulamada ya\u015fan\u0131lan zorluklara ba\u015far\u0131yla de\u011finmektedir. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Kitab\u0131n son iki b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc <\/span>\u0130slami sigorta (tek\u00e2f\u00fcl) ve zek\u00e2<\/span>t b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerine a<\/span>yr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Geleneksel sigortan\u0131n \u0130<\/span>slami a\u00e7\u0131dan yasaklanma gerek\u00e7elerini ve tek<\/span>\u00e2<\/span>f\u00fcl uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 esaslara vurgu yap\u0131lan sigorta b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde<\/span>,<\/span> uygulamada ya\u015fan\u0131lan sorunlar ve gelinen nokta \u015fu ifade ile \u00f6zetle<\/span>nmi\u015f;<\/span>\u201c <\/span>Tek<\/span>\u00e2<\/span>f\u00fcl \u015firketini, Arap\u00e7a ad\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda konvansiyonel sigorta \u015firketiyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda i\u015finin \u00f6z\u00fcnde \u00e7ok fazla fark bulunmamaktad\u0131r.\u201d<\/span> (S.376)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Zek\u00e2<\/span>t b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn<\/span>d<\/span>e ise geleneksel zek\u00e2<\/span>t yorumu ve hesaplama teknikleri de\u011ferlendirilirken, geleneksel yorumun zekat gelirlerinin ve fonunun artmas\u0131na bir engel te\u015fkil <\/span>etti\u011fi <\/span>tespitinde bulunmakta, <\/span>kendi <\/span>\u00f6nerdi\u011fi usul ve hesaplamalarla zekat gelirlerinde ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla yoksullukla m\u00fccadelede daha ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6rnek hesaplamalar \u00fczerinden g\u00f6stermektedir. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0130slam iktisad\u0131 meselelerine ele\u015ftirel bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 ile yakla\u015fan yazar, bu alandaki meselelere iddial\u0131 \u00f6nerileri ile de dikkatleri \u00e7ekmektedir. <\/span>Yazar\u0131n bu alandaki bilgi birikimi ve tecr\u00fcbesi eserinde kendini her b\u00f6l\u00fcmde hissettirmektedir. Konular\u0131 <\/span>geni\u015f bir yelpazeden de\u011ferlendirmesi, yap\u0131lan detayl\u0131 analiz ve ele\u015ftiriler ile <\/span>farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri tart\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma ve \u00f6zg\u00fcn fikirler ortaya koyma ad\u0131na son derece zengin bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma oldu\u011funu <\/span>s\u00f6ylemeliyim. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u00dcz\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz bir noktay\u0131 da burada belirtmeden ge\u00e7emeyece\u011fim. Geni\u015f bir literat\u00fcr ve kaynak\u00e7aya sahip olan eserde \u00fclkemizden sadece Mehmet Asutay ve Murat \u00c7izak\u00e7a\u2019ya at\u0131fta bulunulmas\u0131 ve bu alanda \u00e7ok de\u011ferli katk\u0131lar\u0131 ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri olan alimlerimizin yer bulamamas\u0131 yazar\u0131n m\u0131, bizim mi eksikli\u011fimiz onu da takdirinize b\u0131rak\u0131yorum. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Genel hatlar\u0131yla \u00f6zetlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bu kitab\u0131, <\/span><\/a>alana ilgi duyan herkesin mutlaka okumas\u0131n\u0131 ve k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerine kazand\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6neririm.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

Yazar: Y\u00fcksel Kele\u015f<\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u201c\u0130slam iktisad\u0131\u201d d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin k\u00fclli bir \u015fekilde in\u015fas\u0131 i\u00e7in yetkin fikir ve teorilerin \u00fcretilmesini te\u015fvik etmeyi ve yeni \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara zemin olu\u015fturmay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan iktisat Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan kitab\u0131n \u00e7evirmenli\u011fini Sercan Karado\u011fan yapm\u0131\u015f. 450 sayfadan olu\u015fan kitap iktisat giri\u015f dizisinin 3. kitab\u0131 olarak piyasaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f. \u0130slam iktisad\u0131 ve finans\u0131 konusunda son d\u00f6nemlerde T\u00fcrk\u00e7e literat\u00fcre \u00e7ok say\u0131da […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1480,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1413","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-islikt"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/yukselkeles.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1413","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/yukselkeles.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/yukselkeles.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yukselkeles.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yukselkeles.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1413"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/yukselkeles.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1413\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1482,"href":"https:\/\/yukselkeles.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1413\/revisions\/1482"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yukselkeles.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1480"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/yukselkeles.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1413"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yukselkeles.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1413"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yukselkeles.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1413"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}