{"id":1412,"date":"2020-04-30T10:00:02","date_gmt":"2020-04-30T10:00:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosopical-falcon.w5.wpsandbox.pro\/2019\/12\/17\/travel-copy-copy-copy\/"},"modified":"2023-01-22T09:10:54","modified_gmt":"2023-01-22T09:10:54","slug":"birlik","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yukselkeles.com\/?p=1412","title":{"rendered":"KATILIM F\u0130NANS EKOS\u0130STEM\u0130NDE B\u0130RL\u0130K VAKT\u0130!"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 1985 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00d6<\/span>zel <\/span>F<\/span>inans <\/span>K<\/span>urumlar<\/span>\u0131 olarak faaliyete ba\u015flayan faizsiz bankac\u0131l\u0131k uygulamalar\u0131 bug\u00fcn yoluna K<\/span>at\u0131l\u0131m <\/span>B<\/span>ankac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/span> olarak devam etmektedir.<\/p>\r\n

D\u00fcnyada yayg\u0131n olarak faizsiz finansman, bankac\u0131l\u0131k faaliyetleri ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmekte ve bu kurulu\u015flar\u0131n \u00fcnvanlar\u0131nda \u00e7o\u011funlukla \u201cBank\u201d<\/span> kelimesi yer almaktad\u0131r. Bunlardan en \u00f6nemlisi \u0130slam Kalk\u0131nma Bankas\u0131<\/span>d\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ise ilk ad\u0131m \u00d6<\/span>zel <\/span>F<\/span>inans <\/span>K<\/span>urumlar\u0131<\/span> \u00fcnvan\u0131yla at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve daha sonra banka stat\u00fcs\u00fcne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u201c<\/span>Kat\u0131l\u0131m<\/span>\u201d<\/span> kelimesi ise s\u00f6z konusu faizsiz modelin k<\/span>\u00e2<\/span>ra ve zarara kat\u0131l\u0131m<\/span> anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan kaynakl\u0131 olarak eklenmi\u015f ve benimsenmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7tan buyana isim aray\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki bu m\u00fccadele de \u00fclkenin i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu \u015fartlar\u0131n etkisinin oldu\u011funu belirterek konuyu as\u0131l mecras\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131yal\u0131m.<\/p>\r\n

\u0130slam\u2019da bankac\u0131l\u0131k var m\u0131d\u0131r yok mudur? Faizsiz bankac\u0131l\u0131k olur mu? G<\/a>ibi tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131na \u00e7ok faydas\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kanaatindeyim. Art\u0131k d\u00fcnya genelinde \u0130slami finans\u0131n ana kurumu bankac\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fc olmu\u015ftur. Zamanla farkl\u0131 kurumlar farkl\u0131 isimlerle devreye girebilir. Ancak faizsiz bankac\u0131l\u0131k uygulamalar\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn bir ger\u00e7e\u011fi olarak toplumlar\u0131n benimsedi\u011fi bir yap\u0131 konumundad\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de faizsiz uygulamalar \u00d6zel Finans Kurumlar\u0131 ve daha sonralar\u0131 Kat\u0131l\u0131m Bankalar\u0131 olarak devam ederken d\u00fcnya ile e\u015fzamanl\u0131 olarak toplumda g\u00fcn ge\u00e7tikte faizsiz finansmana olan ihtiya\u00e7 ve talep artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun neticesi olarak yeni modellerin ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131n piyasada g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr olmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6neme girmi\u015f bulunuyoruz. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da bahsedece\u011fimiz payda\u015flarla birlikte Kat\u0131l\u0131m Bankac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n da i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu bu yap\u0131y\u0131 \u201c<\/span>Kat\u0131l\u0131m Finans Ekosistemi\u201d<\/span> olarak adland\u0131rabiliriz. \u00a0<\/p>\r\n

Bu ekosistemde bankac\u0131l\u0131ktan sonra en geli\u015fmi\u015f ve te\u015fkilatl\u0131 yap\u0131 \u00f6zellikle son y\u0131llarda \u201cE<\/span>lbirli\u011fi<\/span>\u201d<\/span> ya da \u201cT<\/span>asarrufa <\/span>D<\/span>ayal\u0131 <\/span>F<\/span>inans<\/span>\u201d<\/span> ad\u0131yla g\u00fcndeme gelen ve faizsiz y\u00f6ntemle ara\u00e7 ve konut edindirme faaliyetleri y\u00fcr\u00fcten \u00d6zel Finansman \u015eirketleri<\/span>dir. Bu modelde halihaz\u0131rda \u00e7ok say\u0131da firma faaliyet g\u00f6stermekte olup, adete a\u00e7t\u0131klar\u0131 \u015fubelerle bankac\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fcne benzer bir yap\u0131lanma i\u00e7indedirler. T\u00fcketiciler taraf\u0131ndan da benimsenen bu kurulu\u015flar a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 konut \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc \u00fczerinden hizmet sunmaktalar. Ancak ilerleyen d\u00f6nemde her t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u00fcr\u00fcn ve hizmeti ayn\u0131 model \u00fczerinden pazarlad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmemiz s\u00fcrpriz olmaz.<\/p>\r\n

\u0130slami finans\u0131n bir di\u011fer tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 sekt\u00f6r\u00fc olarak son d\u00f6nemde Kat\u0131l\u0131m Sigortac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/span> olarak bilinen \u201cT<\/span>ek<\/span>\u00e2<\/span>f<\/span>\u00fc<\/span>l<\/span>\u201d<\/span> sigorta \u015firketlerinin faaliyete ge\u00e7ti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. \u0130slami prensiplere uygun olarak faaliyet g\u00f6steren, risk transferi yerine risk payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131<\/span> ve yard\u0131mla\u015fma<\/span>y\u0131<\/span> esas alan bu \u015firketlerin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u0130slami finans\u0131n ve ticaretin \u00f6nemli bir payda\u015f\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131nda \u015f\u00fcphe yoktur. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede \u00f6nemli bir bo\u015flu\u011fu da doldurmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n

Di\u011fer taraftan faizsiz yat\u0131r\u0131m alternatiflerini \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6zelli\u011fi ile portf\u00f6y y\u00f6netim \u015firketleri<\/span>, Kat\u0131l\u0131m bankac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yat\u0131r\u0131m yapmay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar i\u00e7in yat\u0131r\u0131m \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi sunmaktad\u0131r. \u00a0<\/p>\r\n

Kat\u0131l\u0131m finans ekosisteminin bir di\u011fer bile\u015feni ise akademik camia ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma kurulu\u015flar\u0131<\/span>d\u0131r. Sa\u011flam temeller \u00fczerine kurulu bir sistemin akademik ve teorik altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olmas\u0131 gerekir. Sadece uygulamaya dayal\u0131 bir model ray\u0131ndan sapmalara, \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcmelere yola\u00e7abilir. Bunu engelleyecek olan ve daima geli\u015fimine katk\u0131 verecek olan ilmi arka pland\u0131r. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede \u00dclkemizde \u00fcniversiteler b\u00fcnyesinde bu alana y\u00f6nelik lisans ve lisans \u00fcst\u00fc e\u011fitim programlar\u0131 ile ara\u015ft\u0131rma enstit\u00fcleri ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok kurulu\u015f faaliyet g\u00f6stermeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu sayede alana katk\u0131 verecek bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar ve uygulamayla e\u015fg\u00fcd\u00fcml\u00fc ortak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn geli\u015fmesine \u00f6nemli katk\u0131 sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n

Yine faizsiz finansman prensiplerine uygun olarak faaliyet g\u00f6stermeye ba\u015flayan ve dijitalle\u015fme ile ekonomik hayatta daha fazla g\u00f6rece\u011fimiz \u0130<\/span>slami<\/span> F<\/span>intek<\/span>ler<\/span>, Kat\u0131l\u0131m Finans Sisteminin \u00f6nemli bile\u015fenlerinden biri olacakt\u0131r. Bu \u015firketler hem kat\u0131l\u0131m bankac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na entegre hem de ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z faaliyetleri ile sistemi daha da b\u00fcy\u00fctme fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131yla ifa edeceklerdir.<\/p>\r\n

Kat\u0131l\u0131m finans sistemini d\u00fczenleyen ve y\u00f6neten en b\u00fcy\u00fck payda\u015f ise d<\/span>evlet<\/span>tir. Devletin bu sistemin faaliyetlerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesi ve geli\u015fmesi i\u00e7in yasal d\u00fczenlemeleri sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u015fekilde yapmas\u0131, sorunlara \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00fcretmesi ve yol g\u00f6sterici s\u0131fat\u0131yla destek olmas\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7eve de Kat\u0131l\u0131m Finans Sisteminin g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesi i\u00e7in elzem olan kanunlar\u0131n ve bu kanunlar\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctecek olan kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\r\n

Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede finansal kurum ve kurulu\u015flar (T.C. Merkez Bankas\u0131, BDDK, B\u0130ST, Eximbank vb)nezdinde birtak\u0131m d\u00fczenlemelerin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Hem kaynak temini hem de likidite y\u00f6netimi i\u00e7in \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan \u201cS<\/span>ukuk<\/span>\u201d<\/span> ve benzeri \u00fcr\u00fcnler, BDDK b\u00fcnyesinde kat\u0131l\u0131m bankalar\u0131 i\u00e7in olu\u015fturulan birimler, Borsa \u0130stanbul b\u00fcnyesinde olu\u015fturulan \u201cKat\u0131l\u0131m Endeksi<\/span>\u201d, Eximbank \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin faizsiz modellerde kullan\u0131m\u0131na y\u00f6nelik d\u00fczenlemeler ve daha bir\u00e7ok uygulama,kat\u0131l\u0131m finans ekosisteminin faaliyetlerini kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131mlar olarak say\u0131labilir. Bunlar hem sekt\u00f6r\u00fc geli\u015ftiren hem de konvansiyonel yap\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 rekabet imkanlar\u0131n\u0131 iyile\u015ftiren uygulamalard\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 zamanda f\u0131khi a\u00e7\u0131dan da sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn \u00fcr\u00fcn geli\u015ftirmesinin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n

Kat\u0131l\u0131m finans\u0131n bir di\u011fer aya\u011f\u0131 olarak medya<\/span>y\u0131 ve yay\u0131nevleri<\/span>ni vurgulamakta fayda var. Kat\u0131l\u0131m finans ekosisteminin geli\u015fiminde sekt\u00f6re ait s\u00fcreli ve s\u00fcresiz yay\u0131nlar\u0131n ilgililere ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, d\u00fcnya literat\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ve geli\u015fmelerinin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki payda\u015flarca takip edilmesi, sekt\u00f6rde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n kendilerini yeti\u015ftirmesi ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapabilmesi medya ve yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k aya\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7eve de ara\u015ft\u0131rma merkezlerinin, haber sitelerinin ve alanla ilgili internet sitelerinin \u00f6nemli bir hizmet sundu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemekte fayda var.<\/p>\r\n

Bu yaz\u0131da \u00f6zellikle kat\u0131l\u0131m finans ekosistemi i\u00e7inde faaliyet g\u00f6steren ve yukar\u0131da genel olarak s\u0131n\u0131flad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z onlarca kurulu\u015f var. Burada adlar\u0131n\u0131 teker teker anmak isterdik. Ancak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in faaliyetlerinden ve sekt\u00f6re katk\u0131lar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 hepsine g\u0131yaben te\u015fekk\u00fcr ediyoruz.<\/p>\r\n

Gelelim \u201cB<\/span>\u0130RL\u0130K<\/span>\u201d<\/span> meselesine. Bildi\u011finiz gibi \u201cBirlikten kuvvet do\u011far\u201d diye bir atas\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcz var. Tek tek yap\u0131lamayan \u015feyler birlik olunca daha kolay yap\u0131l\u0131r. Bu prensip gere\u011fi hayat\u0131m\u0131zda bir\u00e7ok birlik g\u00f6rebiliriz. Bankac\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde de Bankalar Birli\u011fi ve kat\u0131l\u0131m bankac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 sekt\u00f6r\u00fc i\u00e7inde Kat\u0131l\u0131m Bankalar\u0131 Birli\u011fi faaliyet g\u00f6stermektedir. K\u0131sa ad\u0131 TKBB olan T\u00fcrkiye <\/span>K<\/span>at\u0131l\u0131m <\/span>B<\/span>ankalar\u0131 <\/span>B<\/span>irli\u011fi<\/span> sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn e\u015fg\u00fcd\u00fcm\u00fc, temsili, yard\u0131mla\u015fmas\u0131 ve sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir ihtiya\u00e7t\u0131r. Peki! Kat\u0131l\u0131m Bankalar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli olan bu yap\u0131y\u0131 Kat\u0131l\u0131m Finans Ekosisteminin di\u011fer payda\u015flar\u0131 i\u00e7in neden olu\u015fturmayal\u0131m?<\/p>\r\n

Burada \u0130slam iktisad\u0131n\u0131n kapsam\u0131 ve kurumlar\u0131na fazlaca girmeden \u015funu ifade etmekte fayda g\u00f6r\u00fcyorum. Kat\u0131l\u0131m bankac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak ifade etti\u011fimiz \u0130slami Finans, \u0130slam iktisadi yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir kurumu olmakla birlikte, bunun t\u00fcrevi ve tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 kurumlar\u0131 da mevcuttur. Yukar\u0131da Kat\u0131l\u0131m Finans Ekosistemine dahil ederek a\u00e7\u0131klamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z kurumlar da bir birlik \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda kendilerini daha g\u00fcvende ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc hissedeceklerdir.<\/p>\r\n

Burada bizim \u00f6nerimiz, Kat\u0131l\u0131m Bankac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da b\u00fcnyesinde bar\u0131nd\u0131racak \u201cKat\u0131l\u0131m Finans Kurumlar\u0131 <\/span>Birli\u011fi<\/span>\u201d<\/span>nin kurulmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu birlikte; kat\u0131l\u0131m bankalar\u0131<\/span>, tek<\/span>\u00e2<\/span>f\u00fcl<\/span> sigorta \u015firketleri<\/span>, Portf\u00f6y y\u00f6netim \u015firketleri, \u0130slami <\/span>fintekler<\/span>, tasarrufa dayal\u0131 finans ya da elbirli\u011fi sistemi olarak da bilinen faizsiz <\/span>finans<\/span>man<\/span> \u015firketleri<\/span> ile \u00fcniversiteler<\/span>den ve bu alanda faaliyet g\u00f6steren ara\u015ft\u0131rma kurulu\u015flar\u0131<\/span>ndan temsilciler bulunabilir. Belki bu ad\u0131m hen\u00fcz erken g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir ancak, \u201cErken kalkan tez yol al\u0131r\u201d atas\u00f6z\u00fc mucibince bu birlik, sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn olgunla\u015fmas\u0131na, dayan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na ve daha h\u0131zl\u0131 geli\u015fmesine vesile olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n

Birlik i\u00e7in s\u00f6ylenmi\u015f iki g\u00fczel s\u00f6z ile noktalayal\u0131m. Biri Do\u011fudan, biri Bat\u0131dan.<\/p>\r\n

Bir olal\u0131m, iri olal\u0131m, diri olal\u0131m<\/span>.<\/span> (Hac\u0131 Bekta\u015f-\u0131 Veli)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Bir araya gelmek, bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7t\u0131r, beraberli\u011fi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek geli\u015fmedir. Beraber \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilmek ise ba\u015far\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span> (Henry Ford<\/span>)<\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 1985 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00d6zel Finans Kurumlar\u0131 olarak faaliyete ba\u015flayan faizsiz bankac\u0131l\u0131k uygulamalar\u0131 bug\u00fcn yoluna Kat\u0131l\u0131m Bankac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak devam etmektedir. D\u00fcnyada yayg\u0131n olarak faizsiz finansman, bankac\u0131l\u0131k faaliyetleri ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmekte ve bu kurulu\u015flar\u0131n \u00fcnvanlar\u0131nda \u00e7o\u011funlukla \u201cBank\u201d kelimesi yer almaktad\u0131r. Bunlardan en \u00f6nemlisi \u0130slam Kalk\u0131nma Bankas\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ise ilk ad\u0131m \u00d6zel Finans Kurumlar\u0131 \u00fcnvan\u0131yla at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve daha sonra […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1478,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1412","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-isfin"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/yukselkeles.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1412","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/yukselkeles.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/yukselkeles.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yukselkeles.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yukselkeles.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1412"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/yukselkeles.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1412\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1477,"href":"https:\/\/yukselkeles.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1412\/revisions\/1477"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yukselkeles.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1478"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/yukselkeles.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1412"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yukselkeles.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1412"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yukselkeles.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1412"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}